Below you will find a selection of publications highlighting the treatment principle of individualised, fractionated treatment of Parkinson’s disease with levodopa. You will also find a selection of publications highlighting the treatment of Parkinson’s disease with minitablets.

• Aquilonius SM, Nyholm D. Development of new levodopa treatment strategies in Parkinson’s disease-from bedside to bench to bedside. Ups J Med Sci. 2017 Jun;122(2):71-77.
• Bredenberg S., Nyholm D., Aquilonius S.M., Nyström C., 2003. An automatic dose dispenser for microtablets – A new concept for individual dosage of drugs in tablet form. Int. J. Pharm., 261, 137 – 146.
• Patienters upplevelser och problem med tabletter som måste delas. Läkartidningen Nr 8, 2010, volym 107
• Adler CH. Relevance of motor complications in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 2002;58(4 Suppl 1):S51-56.
• Goole J, Amighi K. Levodopa delivery systems for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease: an overview. Int J Pharm 2009;380(1-2):1-15.
• Horstink M, Tolosa E, Bonuccelli U, et al. Review of the therapeutic management of Parkinson’s disease. Report of a joint task force of the European Federation of Neurological Societies and the Movement Disorder Society-European Section. Part I: early (uncomplicated) Parkinson’s disease. Eur J Neurol 2006;13(11):1170-1185.
• Jankovic J. Parkinson’s disease therapy: tailoring choices for early and late disease, young and old patients. Clin Neuropharmacol 2000;23(5):252-261.
• Johansson D, Ericsson A, Johansson A, Medvedev A, Nyholm D, Ohlsson F, Senek M, Spira J, Thomas I, Westin J, Bergquist F. Individualization of levodopa treatment using a microtablet dispenser and ambulatory accelerometry. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2018 May;24(5):439-447.
• Leopold NA, Polansky M, Hurka MR. Drug adherence in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 2004;19(5):513-517.
• LeWitt PA. Levodopa therapeutics for Parkinson’s disease: new developments. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009;15 Suppl 1:S31-34.
• LeWitt PA. New levodopa therapeutic strategies. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2016 Jan;22 Suppl 1:S37-40.
• Lökk J, Olofsson S, Persson U., 2014. Willingness to pay for a new drug delivery in Parkinson patients. J Multidiscip Healthc. Oct 1;7:431-40
• Nyholm D, Lennernas H, Gomes-Trolin C, Aquilonius SM. Levodopa pharmacokinetics and motor performance during activities of daily living in patients with Parkinson’s disease on individual drug combinations. Clin Neuropharmacol 2002;25(2):89-96.
• Nyholm D, Lewander T, Gomes-Trolin C, Bäckström T, Panagiotidis G, Ehrnebo M, Nyström C, Aquilonius SM. Pharmacokinetics of levodopa/carbidopa microtablets versus levodopa/benserazide and levodopa/carbidopa in healthy volunteers. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2012 May;35(3):111-7.
• Nyholm D, Ehrnebo M, Lewander T, Trolin CG, Bäckström T, Panagiotidis G, Spira J, Nyström C, Aquilonius SM. Frequent administration of levodopa/carbidopa microtablets vs levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone in healthy volunteers. Acta Neurol Scand. Article first published online: 4 JUL 2012
• Poewe W, Antonini A. Novel formulations and modes of delivery of levodopa. Mov Disord. 2015 Jan;30(1):114-20
• Senek M, Hellström M, Albo J, Svenningsson P, Nyholm D. First clinical experience with levodopa/carbidopa microtablets in Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neurol Scand. 2017 Dec;136(6):727-731.
• Senek M, Aquilonius SM, Askmark H, Bergquist F, Constantinescu R, Ericsson A, Lycke S, Medvedev A, Memedi M, Ohlsson F, Spira J, Westin J, Nyholm D. Levodopa/carbidopa microtablets in Parkinson’s disease: a study of pharmacokinetics and blinded motor assessment. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2017 May;73(5):563-571. doi: 10.1007/s00228-017-2196-4. Epub 2017 Jan 18.
• Senek M, Nyholm D, Nielsen EI.. Population pharmacokinetics of levodopa/carbidopa microtablets in healthy subjects and Parkinson’s disease patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2018 Jun 7.
• Thomas I, Alam M, Bergquist F, Johansson D, Memedi M, Nyholm D, Westin J. Sensor-based algorithmic dosing suggestions for oral administration of levodopa/carbidopa microtablets for Parkinson’s disease: a first experience. J Neurol. 2019 Jan 18. doi: 10.1007/s00415-019-09183-6
• First clinical experience with levodopa/carbidopa microtablets in Parkinson’s disease.
  Senek M, Hellström M, Albo J, Svenningsson P, Nyholm D.
  Acta Neurol Scand. 2017 Dec;136(6):727-731. doi: 10.1111/ane.12756. Epub 2017 Mar 15.
  PMID: 28299787
• Pharmacokinetics of levodopa/carbidopa microtablets versus levodopa/benserazide and levodopa/carbidopa in healthy volunteers.
  Nyholm D, Lewander T, Gomes-Trolin C, Bäckström T, Panagiotidis G, Ehrnebo M, Nyström C, Aquilonius SM.
  Clin Neuropharmacol. 2012 May-Jun;35(3):111-7. doi: 10.1097/WNF.0b013e31825645d1.
  PMID: 22549097 Clinical Trial.
• Population pharmacokinetics of levodopa/carbidopa microtablets in healthy subjects and Parkinson’s disease patients.
  Senek M, Nyholm D, Nielsen EI.
  Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2018 Oct;74(10):1299-1307. doi: 10.1007/s00228-018-2497-2. Epub 2018 Jun 7.
  PMID: 29882153 Free PMC article.
• Levodopa/carbidopa microtablets in Parkinson’s disease: a study of pharmacokinetics and blinded motor assessment.
  Senek M, Aquilonius SM, Askmark H, Bergquist F, Constantinescu R, Ericsson A, Lycke S, Medvedev A, Memedi M, Ohlsson F, Spira J, Westin J, Nyholm D.
  Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2017 May;73(5):563-571. doi: 10.1007/s00228-017-2196-4. Epub 2017 Jan 18.
  PMID: 28101657 Free PMC article.
• New levodopa therapeutic strategies.
  LeWitt PA.
  Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2016 Jan;22 Suppl 1:S37-40. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.09.021. Epub 2015 Sep 8.
  PMID: 26459662 Review.
• Frequent administration of levodopa/carbidopa microtablets vs levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone in healthy volunteers.
  Nyholm D, Ehrnebo M, Lewander T, Trolin CG, Bäckström T, Panagiotidis G, Spira J, Nyström C, Aquilonius SM.
  Acta Neurol Scand. 2013 Feb;127(2):124-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2012.01700.x. Epub 2012 Jul 4.
  PMID: 22762460 Clinical Trial.
• Sensor-based algorithmic dosing suggestions for oral administration of levodopa/carbidopa microtablets for Parkinson’s disease: a first experience.
  Thomas I, Alam M, Bergquist F, Johansson D, Memedi M, Nyholm D, Westin J.
  J Neurol. 2019 Mar;266(3):651-658. doi: 10.1007/s00415-019-09183-6. Epub 2019 Jan 18.
  PMID: 30659356 Free PMC article.
• An automatic dose dispenser for microtablets–a new concept for individual dosage of drugs in tablet form.
  Bredenberg S, Nyholm D, Aquilonius SM, Nyström C.
  Int J Pharm. 2003 Aug 11;261(1-2):137-46. doi: 10.1016/s0378-5173(03)00294-1.
  PMID: 12878402 Clinical Trial.
• Personalized Medicine Approach in Treating Parkinson’s Disease, Using Oral Administration of Levodopa/Carbidopa Microtablets in Clinical Practice.
  Grétarsdóttir HM, Widman E, Johansson A, Nyholm D.
  J Pers Med. 2021 Jul 26;11(8):720. doi: 10.3390/jpm11080720.
  PMID: 34442364 Free PMC article.
• Development of new levodopa treatment strategies in Parkinson’s disease-from bedside to bench to bedside.
  Aquilonius SM, Nyholm D.
  Ups J Med Sci. 2017 Jun;122(2):71-77. doi: 10.1080/03009734.2017.1285374. Epub 2017 Mar 3.
  PMID: 28276779 Free PMC article. Review.
• New Therapeutic Options for the Individualised Titration of Levodopa.
  Jost WH, Ebersbach G, Kassubek J, Klebe S, Tönges L.
  Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2021 Jan;89(1-02):23-28. doi: 10.1055/a-1158-9281. Epub 2020 May 27.
  PMID: 32462651 German.
• Novel formulations and modes of delivery of levodopa.
  Poewe W, Antonini A.
  Mov Disord. 2015 Jan;30(1):114-20. doi: 10.1002/mds.26078. Epub 2014 Dec 5.
  PMID: 25476691 Review.
• Individualization of levodopa treatment using a microtablet dispenser and ambulatory accelerometry.
  Johansson D, Ericsson A, Johansson A, Medvedev A, Nyholm D, Ohlsson F, Senek M, Spira J, Thomas I, Westin J, Bergquist F.
  CNS Neurosci Ther. 2018 May;24(5):439-447. doi: 10.1111/cns.12807. Epub 2018 Jan 25.
  PMID: 29652438 Free PMC article.
• Willingness to pay for a new drug delivery in Parkinson patients.
  Lökk J, Olofsson S, Persson U.
  J Multidiscip Healthc. 2014 Oct 1;7:431-40. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S67929. eCollection 2014.
  PMID: 25336962 Free PMC article.